Self-Organization of Complex Systems
نویسندگان
چکیده
The basic laws of physics are simple, so why is the world complex? The theory of selforganized criticality posits that complex behavior in nature emerges from the dynamics of extended, dissipative systems that evolve through a sequence of meta-stable states into a critical state, with long range spatial and temporal correlations. Minor disturbances lead to intermittent events of all sizes. These events organize the system into a complex state that cannot be reduced to a few degrees of freedom. This type of “punctuated equilibrium” dynamics has been observed in astrophysical, geophysical, and biological processes, as well as in human social activity.
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